The Dow Jones Industrial Average opened up 0.1%, the S&P 500 rose 0.1%, and the Nasdaq rose 0.4%.

Ethereum concept stocks strengthened, Gamesquare Holdings rose 5.3%, BTCS rose 10.1%, and Bit Digital rose 3.5%. The energy sector rose, with Cheniere up 3.9%, Venture Global up 6.8%, and NextDecade up 2.0%. The EU agreed to purchase $750 billion worth of US energy. Pony.ai rose 6.1% and obtained the latest batch of intelligent connected vehicle demonstration operation licenses in Shanghai.