Major European stock indices closed lower.

The German DAX30 index rose by 0.02%, the UK FTSE 100 index fell by 0.44%, the French CAC40 index fell by 0.71%, the European Stoxx 50 index fell by 0.74%, the Spanish IBEX35 index fell by 1.20%, and the Italian FTSE MIB index fell by 0.64%.