National Bureau of Statistics: The expenditure on research and development for the whole year was 3.9262 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.1% over the previous year.

National Bureau of Statistics: In 2025, the total expenditure on research and development amounted to 3.9262 trillion yuan for the whole year, an increase of 8.1% from the previous year. This expenditure accounted for 2.80% of the gross domestic product (GDP). Of the total, the funding for basic research was 277.8 billion yuan, an increase of 11.1% from the previous year, accounting for 7.08% of the R&D expenditure. The National Natural Science Foundation funded a total of 58,800 projects. By the end of the year, there were 207 national engineering research centers included in the new management sequence, and 1,921 enterprise technology centers recognized by the National Development and Reform Commission. A total of 36 sub-funds were set up under the National Fund for Guiding Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation, with a total funding amount of 62.4 billion yuan. Throughout the year, 972,000 patents were granted, a decrease of 7.0% from the previous year. The number of patent applications under the Patent Cooperation Treaty was 78,000. By the end of the year, there were a total of 6.318 million valid invention patents, an increase of 11.1% from the previous year. There were 16 high-value invention patents per 10,000 people. A total of 4.206 million trademarks were registered throughout the year, a decrease of 12.0% from the previous year. A total of 1.04 million technology contracts were signed during the year, with a transaction amount of 75.734 trillion yuan, an increase of 10.8% from the previous year. The proportion of Chinese citizens with scientific literacy reached 16.74%.