The main stock indexes in Europe closed mostly lower.

The German DAX30 index fell by 0.65%, the UK FTSE 100 index fell by 0.41%, the French CAC40 index fell by 0.44%, the European Stoxx 50 index fell by 0.67%, the Spanish IBEX35 index rose by 0.08%, and the Italian FTSE MIB index rose by 0.01%.