China's Leadership in EV Battery Safety Innovations

The global electric vehicle (EV) sector is currently engaged in intense competition that extends beyond traditional metrics like driving range and charging speed to encompass the critical factor of battery safety. As a leading hub for battery technology and innovation, China is spearheading the development of advanced solutions, aiming for the ambitious goal of "no fire, no explosion" EV batteries. Amid ongoing concerns about thermal incidents associated with conventional lithium-ion batteries, Chinese manufacturers and research institutions are concentrating their efforts on three primary technological advancements to foster a safer future for mobility: solid-state batteries, sodium-ion batteries, and enhanced lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery technology.

Solid-state batteries are widely regarded as the ultimate solution for maximizing EV battery safety. Unlike traditional lithium-ion batteries, which rely on flammable liquid electrolytes, solid-state batteries utilize solid materials, thereby eliminating the risk of leakage or ignition due to overheating and short circuits. Chinese manufacturers are making significant progress in this domain; for instance, Anwa has unveiled a GWh-class solid-state battery production line, asserting that its products are resistant to combustion or explosion even under extreme conditions like nail penetration or high temperatures. Anwa targets the mass production of higher energy density third-generation solid-state batteries by 2027, while other major players like BYD and Chery also plan to integrate solid-state batteries into their vehicles in the coming years. Furthermore, WeLion has partnered with NIO for battery testing in its ET7 series from 2024, and SAIC, GAC, and IM Motors aim for commercialization of first-generation solid-state batteries between 2025 and 2026. These advancements not only promise enhanced safety but also deliver higher energy densities (approximately 300–400 Wh/kg), enabling extended driving ranges while maintaining thermal stability. CATL, a prominent battery manufacturer, stated at the Shanghai New Energy Forum 2025 that solid-state batteries represent "the next safety milestone" and that the company is preparing for large-scale production before 2030.

While sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries currently offer lower energy density compared to lithium-ion for certain applications, they are distinguished by their cost-effectiveness and inherent safety features. Leveraging abundant sodium resources, this battery type reduces reliance on scarce and expensive metals and exhibits superior thermal stability. Unlike lithium, sodium's minimal reactivity with air or water significantly diminishes the risk of fire under normal operating conditions. China is at the forefront of sodium-ion battery commercialization, with companies like HiNa Battery providing batteries for large-scale energy storage systems in Hubei. Since 2023, compact electric vehicles, including the JAC Hua Xianzi and Yadea scooters, have begun incorporating sodium-ion batteries from manufacturers such as HiNa Battery and CATL. Despite limited energy density (150–175 Wh/kg), these batteries boast excellent heat resistance, stable performance in cold weather, a long cycle life exceeding 8,000 charge-discharge cycles, and are notably more affordable than lithium-ion alternatives. BYD is constructing the world's largest Na-ion battery plant in Xuzhou, intending to widely implement this technology in micro-vehicles and electric motorcycles where cost and safety are prioritized over extensive range, representing a strategic move to address both safety and supply chain sustainability in the EV industry.

Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) batteries have long been recognized for their inherent safety and extended lifespan, largely due to the absence of nickel and cobalt. Historically, their lower energy density limited their application in high-end electric vehicles, but Chinese companies have now achieved significant breakthroughs. CATL, the world’s largest battery producer, has introduced the Shenxing PLUS LFP battery, boasting an impressive energy density of over 200 Wh/kg (specifically 205 Wh/kg). This innovation enables electric vehicles to achieve ranges exceeding 1,000 km on a single charge. Crucially, the technology is optimized for ultra-fast charging, capable of adding 600 km of range in just 10 minutes, while preserving LFP’s renowned safety characteristics and remarkable battery life. The integration of novel materials and structural designs has not only elevated performance but also solidified LFP as a compelling choice for both mainstream and premium EVs.

In conjunction with these technological advancements, China is also strengthening its regulatory framework to enhance safety. A new, more stringent national safety standard for EV batteries, GB 38031-2025, is scheduled to take effect on July 1, 2026. This standard mandates that batteries must withstand uncontrolled thermal events without causing fire or explosion and ensure that any emitted fumes do not endanger passengers for a specified duration. The fact that major manufacturers like CATL have already achieved this certification underscores the strong commitment of the Chinese industry to consumer safety. Through substantial investments in research and development and robust government support, China is consistently redefining the electric vehicle battery industry. The objective of "no fire, no explosion" is transitioning from an aspirational goal into a tangible reality, promising a safer and more sustainable future for global mobility.